System and method for standardized speech recognition infrastructure

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media for selecting a speech recognition model in a standardized speech recognition infrastructure. The system receives speech from a user, and if a user-specific supervised speech model associated with the user is available, retrieves the supervised speech model. If the user-specific supervised speech model is unavailable and if an unsupervised speech model is available, the system retrieves the unsupervised speech model. If the user-specific supervised speech model and the unsupervised speech model are unavailable, the system retrieves a generic speech model associated with the user. Next the system recognizes the received speech from the user with the retrieved model. In one embodiment, the system trains a speech recognition model in a standardized speech recognition infrastructure. In another embodiment, the system handshakes with a remote application in a standardized speech recognition infrastructure.

PRIORITY INFORMATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/762,978, filed Feb. 8, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/618,371, filed Nov. 13, 2009, now U.S.Pat. No. 8,374,867, issued Feb. 12, 2013, the contents of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to speech recognition and morespecifically to speech recognition based on standardized speech models.

2. Introduction

As automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems and devices become morewidespread, ASR systems or applications recognize speech using their ownrecognition models. In principle, all models are trained from humantranscriptions, but are adapted from either human or machinetranscriptions. In recent years, however, even training can be done withlarge amounts of untranscribed speech, such as recognition output, toaugment a relatively small amount of transcribed speech. Each system orapplication accommodates a particular speaker with either a genericmodel or with an application-specific and speaker-specific model. Oneapplication can develop a very detailed and accurate recognition modelfor a particular speaker in a particular environment, but otherapplications do not have access to and cannot benefit from thoseimprovements. Further, each ASR application is typically incompatiblewith the model format of other ASR applications.

SUMMARY

Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forthin the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from thedescription, or can be learned by practice of the herein disclosedprinciples. The features and advantages of the disclosure can berealized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinationsparticularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and otherfeatures of the disclosure will become more fully apparent from thefollowing description and appended claims, or can be learned by thepractice of the principles set forth herein.

Disclosed are systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media forselecting a speech recognition model in a standardized speechrecognition infrastructure. The method embodiment causes a computingdevice to first receive speech from a user. If a supervised speech modelassociated with the user is available, the method causes the computingdevice to retrieve the supervised speech model. If the supervised speechmodel is unavailable and if an unsupervised speech model associated withthe user is available, the method causes the computing device toretrieve the unsupervised speech model. If the supervised speech modeland the unsupervised speech model are unavailable, the method causes thecomputing device to retrieve a generic speech model associated with theuser. Then the method causes the computing device to recognize thereceived speech from the user with the retrieved model.

All or some of the supervised speech model, the unsupervised speechmodel, and the generic speech model can be standardized speech models.At least one of the supervised speech model, the unsupervised speechmodel, and the generic speech model can be publicly available. In oneaspect, the method further causes the computing device to adapt theretrieved model based on the recognized speech. Speech models can bereused when recognizing later received speech. The supervised speechmodel, the unsupervised speech model, and the generic speech model caneach be generated on different devices. Either the supervised speechmodel or the unsupervised speech model can be represented as a set ofdifferences from a base speech model. Recognizing the received speechfrom the user can be performed off-line at a later time after the speechis received. One possible application of this method is identifyingvoice commands in the recognized speech to control elements of a gamebased on the identified voice commands. Any or all of these variationscan be applied to the other embodiments disclosed herein.

Also disclosed are systems, methods, and computer-readable storage mediafor training a speech recognition model in a standardized speechrecognition infrastructure. The system includes a processor and variousmodules configured to control the processor. The system first receivesspeech from a user and makes a determination whether to apply supervisedtraining or unsupervised training. If the determination is to applysupervised training, the system further determines whether availabledata, including transcriptions, are sufficient to build a new model. Ifavailable data is sufficient to build a new model, the system builds thenew model. If available data is not sufficient to build the new model,the system selects a first existing model, and generates a first adaptedmodel based on transformations generated from the selected firstexisting model based on the received speech and associatedtranscriptions.

The new model, the first existing model, and the first adapted model canbe standardized speech models. At least one of the models can bepublicly available. In one aspect, the first existing model is a generalmodel and the first adapted model is the result of applying thetransformations to the first existing model. The system can recognizelater received speech based on the first adapted model. Any or all ofthese variations can be applied to the other embodiments disclosedherein.

Further disclosed are systems, methods, and computer-readable storagemedia for handshaking with a remote application in a standardized speechrecognition infrastructure. The system initiates a voice call with aremote application, and determines if the remote application can applystandardized speech recognition models. If the remote application canapply standardized speech recognition models, the system transmits aspeaker specific model to the remote application and instructs theremote application to recognize speech with the transmitted model. Ifthe remote application can not apply standardized speech recognitionmodels, the system determines if the remote application can applytransformations of a standard speech recognition model. If the remoteapplication can apply transformations of the standard speech recognitionmodel, the system transmits transformations of a generic model to theremote application, and instructs the remote application to recognizespeech based on the transmitted transformations. If the remoteapplication can not apply transformations of the standard speechrecognition model, the system instructs the remote application torecognize speech with the generic model. Speaker specific models andtransformations can each be generated on different devices. The systemcan instruct the remote application to perform self-adaption on thetransmitted speaker specific model or the transformations.Self-adaptation means using unsupervised speech (i.e., recognitionoutput) to adapt the model and use the new adapted model to recognize(rescore N-best, lattices, etc.) the same speech that was used to adaptit. The system can be an edge device in a communications network. In onevariation the remote application is a game which identifies voicecommands in recognized speech and controls elements of the game based onthe identified voice commands. The generic model and the speakerspecific model can be publicly available. Any or all of these variationscan be applied to the other embodiments disclosed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and otheradvantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a moreparticular description of the principles briefly described above will berendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which areillustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawingsdepict only exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are nottherefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the principlesherein are described and explained with additional specificity anddetail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example system embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a model selection flowchart;

FIG. 3 illustrates a model training flowchart; and

FIG. 4 illustrates a remote application handshake flowchart.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One important concept in this disclosure is standardization. All aspectsof the speech recognition that perform adaptation are standardized,including speech, transcriptions, dictionaries, model structures,features, model transformations, etc. Every device and/or service needsto know exactly what those data structures mean and in what format(s) toexpect the data structures. Such standardization can be a mandatedstandard, such as from a standards body, or a de facto standard. In onevariation, the system, method, or computer-readable storage mediarecognize multiple standards and determine or detect which of thestandards applies to a given situation.

Speech models can be trained using supervised or unsupervisedadaptation, based on human transcription or recognition output,respectively. Throughout this disclosure, “unsupervised speech model”refers to speech models trained using unsupervised adaptation and“supervised speech model” refers to speech models trained usingsupervised adaptation. In many instances, standardized speech models canbe trained based on a mixture of both supervised and unsupervisedadaptation.

Various embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below.While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understoodthat this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled inthe relevant art will recognize that other components and configurationsmay be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 1, an exemplary system 100 includes ageneral-purpose computing device 100, including a processing unit (CPUor processor) 120 and a system bus 110 that couples various systemcomponents including the system memory 130 such as read only memory(ROM) 140 and random access memory (RAM) 150 to the processor 120. Theseand other modules can be configured to control the processor 120 toperform various actions. Other system memory 130 may be available foruse as well. It can be appreciated that the disclosure may operate on acomputing device 100 with more than one processor 120 or on a group orcluster of computing devices networked together to provide greaterprocessing capability. The processor 120 can include any general purposeprocessor and a hardware module or software module, such as module 1162, module 2 164, and module 3 166 stored in storage device 160,configured to control the processor 120 as well as a special-purposeprocessor where software instructions are incorporated into the actualprocessor design. The processor 120 may essentially be a completelyself-contained computing system, containing multiple cores orprocessors, a bus, memory controller, cache, etc. A multi-core processormay be symmetric or asymmetric.

The system bus 110 may be any of several types of bus structuresincluding a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and alocal bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. A basicinput/output (BIOS) stored in ROM 140 or the like, may provide the basicroutine that helps to transfer information between elements within thecomputing device 100, such as during start-up. The computing device 100further includes storage devices 160 such as a hard disk drive, amagnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, tape drive or the like. Thestorage device 160 can include software modules 162, 164, 166 forcontrolling the processor 120. Other hardware or software modules arecontemplated. The storage device 160 is connected to the system bus 110by a drive interface. The drives and the associated computer readablestorage media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readableinstructions, data structures, program modules and other data for thecomputing device 100. In one aspect, a hardware module that performs aparticular function includes the software component stored in a tangibleand/or intangible computer-readable medium in connection with thenecessary hardware components, such as the processor 120, bus 110,display 170, and so forth, to carry out the function. The basiccomponents are known to those of skill in the art and appropriatevariations are contemplated depending on the type of device, such aswhether the device 100 is a small, handheld computing device, a desktopcomputer, or a computer server.

Although the exemplary embodiment described herein employs the hard disk160, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that othertypes of computer readable media which can store data that areaccessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memorycards, digital versatile disks, cartridges, random access memories(RAMs) 150, read only memory (ROM) 140, a cable or wireless signalcontaining a bit stream and the like, may also be used in the exemplaryoperating environment. Tangible computer-readable storage mediaexpressly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagneticwaves, and signals per se.

To enable user interaction with the computing device 100, an inputdevice 190 represents any number of input mechanisms, such as amicrophone for speech, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphicalinput, keyboard, mouse, motion input, speech and so forth. The inputdevice 190 may be used by the presenter to indicate the beginning of aspeech search query. An output device 170 can also be one or more of anumber of output mechanisms known to those of skill in the art. In someinstances, multimodal systems enable a user to provide multiple types ofinput to communicate with the computing device 100. The communicationsinterface 180 generally governs and manages the user input and systemoutput. There is no restriction on operating on any particular hardwarearrangement and therefore the basic features here may easily besubstituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they aredeveloped.

For clarity of explanation, the illustrative system embodiment ispresented as including individual functional blocks including functionalblocks labeled as a “processor” or processor 120. The functions theseblocks represent may be provided through the use of either shared ordedicated hardware, including, but not limited to, hardware capable ofexecuting software and hardware, such as a processor 120, that ispurpose-built to operate as an equivalent to software executing on ageneral purpose processor. For example the functions of one or moreprocessors presented in FIG. 1 may be provided by a single sharedprocessor or multiple processors. (Use of the term “processor” shouldnot be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executingsoftware.) Illustrative embodiments may include microprocessor and/ordigital signal processor (DSP) hardware, read-only memory (ROM) 140 forstoring software performing the operations discussed below, and randomaccess memory (RAM) 150 for storing results. Very large scaleintegration (VLSI) hardware embodiments, as well as custom VLSIcircuitry in combination with a general purpose DSP circuit, may also beprovided.

The logical operations of the various embodiments are implemented as:(1) a sequence of computer implemented steps, operations, or proceduresrunning on a programmable circuit within a general use computer, (2) asequence of computer implemented steps, operations, or proceduresrunning on a specific-use programmable circuit; and/or (3)interconnected machine modules or program engines within theprogrammable circuits. The system 100 shown in FIG. 1 can practice allor part of the recited methods, can be a part of the recited systems,and/or can operate according to instructions in the recitedcomputer-readable storage media. Generally speaking, such logicaloperations can be implemented as modules configured to control theprocessor 120 to perform particular functions according to theprogramming of the module. For example,

FIG. 1 illustrates three modules Mod1 162, Mod2 164 and Mod3 166 whichare modules configured to control the processor 120. These modules maybe stored on the storage device 160 and loaded into RAM 150 or memory130 at runtime or may be stored as would be known in the art in othercomputer-readable memory locations.

Having disclosed some basic system components, the disclosure now turnsto the exemplary flowcharts shown in FIGS. 2-4. For the sake of clarity,the methods and computer-readable storage media are discussed in termsof an exemplary system 100, as shown in FIG. 1, configured to practicethe method.

FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart 200 outlining system steps for selectinga speech recognition model in a standardized speech recognitioninfrastructure. The system 100 receives speech from a user. This stepcan include detecting speech 202 and/or recording speech 204. Then thesystem decides how to process the detected speech 206. The system startsa model selection 208 process. In one aspect, the speaker indicateswhich model the system should use 212. In another aspect, an algorithmdecides 210 which model the system should use. If a speaker-specificsupervised speech model associated with the user is available 214, thesystem retrieves the speaker-specific supervised speech model. If thesupervised speech model is unavailable and if an unsupervised speechmodel associated with the user is available 216, the system retrievesthe unsupervised speech model. If the supervised speech model and theunsupervised speech model are unavailable, the system retrieves ageneric speech model 218 which may or may not be associated with theuser. Then the system recognizes the received speech from the user withthe retrieved model 220.

All or some of the supervised speech model, the unsupervised speechmodel, and the generic speech model can be standardized speech models.At least one of the supervised speech model, the unsupervised speechmodel, and the generic speech model can be publicly available, such ason a website or in a publicly available repository. A centralized serveror service can provide a storage repository for speech models, or userscan store speech models in a publicly available space of their own.These publicly available speech models can be addressed in a similarmanner to a web site URL, such as http://speechmodels.com/user1. Amobile device, such as a smartphone having a web server, can make alocally stored speech model publicly available. In the case of apublicly available repository of speech recognition models, therepository can allow users to retrieve, adapt, commit changes, remove,adjust permissions, set device- or application-specific preferences,and/or personalize speech models directly or through a managementinterface.

In one aspect, the system further adapts the retrieved model based onthe recognized speech. Speech models can be reused when recognizinglater received speech. The supervised speech model, the unsupervisedspeech model, and the generic speech model can each be generated ondifferent devices. At least one of the supervised speech model and theunsupervised speech model can be represented as a set of differencesfrom a base speech model. Recognizing the received speech from the usercan be performed off-line at a later time after the speech is received.The method can further cause the computing device to identify voicecommands in the recognized speech and control elements of a game basedon the identified voice commands. Any or all of these variations can beapplied to the other embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 3 illustrates a model training flowchart 300. A system, including aprocessor, practicing this method includes various modules configured tocontrol the processor to perform certain steps. The system receivesspeech from a user, either directly or through an external device. Thesystem then makes a determination 302 whether to apply supervisedtraining or unsupervised training. If the system decides to applysupervised training, the system further determines whether availabledata, including transcriptions, are sufficient to build a new model 310.If available data is sufficient to build a new model, the system buildsthe new speaker-specific model based on the available data 318.

If, on the other hand, available data is not sufficient to build the newmodel, the system selects an existing model 312, generates a firstadapted model based on transformations generated from the selected modelbased on the received speech and associated transcriptions 314, and usesthe transformations to generate the supervised model 316. If the systemdecides to apply unsupervised training, the system selects a differentexisting model 304, generates an adapted model based on transformationsgenerated from the selected existing model based on the received speech306, and uses the transformations to generate the unsupervised model308.

Each of the speech models discussed in relation to FIG. 3 can bestandardized speech models. At least one of the speech models can bepublicly available. The existing model can be general models, and theadapted models can be sets of transforms from an existing model. Thesystem can further recognize later received speech based on one or moreof the adapted models.

FIG. 4 illustrates a remote application handshake flowchart 400. Thisflowchart can be embodied as a method, system, or a computer-readablestorage medium having instructions for controlling a computing device.The flowchart 400 includes two dashed boxes. The first dashed box 402represents actions that occur on a calling device, such as a telephone,smartphone, computer using Voice over IP, or other edge device in acommunications network. The edge device or phone can be online with anetwork, such as a cellular network, and can intermittently connect to aspeech application. The edge device can include its own storage,processor, data bus, etc. In one aspect, in the beginning the edgedevice or the remote application only has access to a generic speechmodel, so recognition must be based on the generic speech model. Overtime, as the user speaks and the system gathers speech information, thesystem develops a speech model for you as an entirely separate speechmodel or as a set of transformations from the generic speech model. Thenthe system can select different models for a particular user or the usercan select the model that the user feels works best. For example, in anoisy environment, the system can automatically select a model suited tothe noisy environment.

The second dashed box 404 represents actions that occur in a remoteapplication. The remote application can be a dedicated device and/or asoftware application running on one or more remote computing devices. Asystem configured to perform the handshake according to the flowchart400 initiates a voice call with a remote application 406. The systemthen determines if the remote application 404 can apply standardizedand/or commoditized speech recognition models 408. If the remoteapplication 404 can apply standardized speech recognition models, thenthe system transmits a speaker specific model to the remote application410 and instructs the remote application to recognize speech with thetransmitted model 418. If the remote application can not applystandardized speech recognition models, the system determines if theremote application 404 can apply transformations of a standard speechrecognition model 412. If the remote application 404 can applytransformations of the standard speech recognition model, the systemasks for or checks the availability of supervised or unsupervisedtransformation 414 a and transmits at least one suitable transformation414 b, which can include an indication to which generic model to applythe transformation, and instructs the remote application to apply thetransmitted transformations to the generic model 416 in order torecognize speech based on the transmitted transformations 418. Thetransformations can be significantly smaller than an entire model.Transformations can be specific to a particular speech model, such thata set of transformations can include an indication of which speech modelthe set of transformations is associated with and intended to modify. Ifthe remote application 404 can not apply transformations of the standardspeech recognition model, the system instructs the remote application404 to recognize speech with the generic model 418.

In one aspect, the speaker specific model and the transformations areeach generated on different devices. The transformations can includespeech statistics leading to the creation of the transformations. Theremote application 404 can perform self-adaption on the transmittedspeaker specific model or the transformations. The calling device 402can instruct the remote application 404 to perform the self-adaptationor the remote application 404 can perform self-adaptation withoutinstructions. The quality and/or frequency of self-adaptation can bebased on amounts of processed speech, the available processing capacityin the remote application 404, and/or other factors. Duringself-adaptation, the system can assign different weight to certain data,such as assigning greater weight to newer data if the voice changes orassigning lower weight to data in which the speaker has a cold.

The remote application 404 can be a game which identifies voice commandsin recognized speech and controls elements of the game based on theidentified voice commands. The generic model and the speaker specificmodel can be publicly available. In the case of a game, a speakerspecific speech model can be stored as part of a player's online gameprofile and the handshake process can occur as part of a gameinitialization.

In one aspect, the system selects speech models without user knowledgeor intervention so the user makes little or no effort. In anotheraspect, the user provides feedback to guide the present recognitionand/or later recognition. For example, the user can provide detailedfeedback directed to a specific misrecognition event or the user canprovide general, high-level feedback (such as a thumbs up or a thumbsdown). The system can perform speech model selection and adaptations aspart of an opt-in service where users review the recognition and providefeedback indicating how well the system recognizes speech using theselected models.

The system can process speech off-line or in real time. In onevariation, the system operates in a conference call between differentusers' devices. Each user device records and transcribes its own part ofthe conference call in real time or off-line using a detailed speechmodel for the user, and uploads its own part of the transcript to acentral server or to the other users' devices. Then the receiving devicecan inspect the time stamps and labels identifying a particular speakerand assemble the received transcript portions into a master transcript.In this manner, the system provides for distributed parallel processingof the speech recognition to devices which have customized speech modelsin a standardized, commoditized form specific to each user. Smartphonesare well-suited to this approach because they are network-connected andcan send and receive data with each other.

Each user's device can create standardized speech recognition models forphone users over time in order preemptively tune them before they areneeded. The device can constantly refine these models without userintervention. When a speech recognition application is needed, thesystem can retrieve and implement this finely tuned model nearlyinstantly either directly, or by sending it along as a collection oftransformations of a standardized speech model.

In one variation, systems practicing the principles disclosed hereinshare the speech recordings and the transcriptions generated by a human(supervised) or recognition output (unsupervised) approach. For example,a user uses speech to book a flight. The remote system records thespeech and performs recognition with the best models it has for thetask. At the end of the task, the system can use both the speech and therecognition output locally for adaptation, but more importantly thesystem can return adapted models to the users “home” device or locationsuch as a cell phone, service provider, or a personal computer. Thesystem can return the adapted models to the “home” device or locationvia a cell phone connection or other wired and/or wireless connection.The “home” device or location can adapt the received models inconjunction with the speech from all the applications that the user hasaccessed in the past.

The remote application can send some of its speech to the “home” deviceto be transcribed, and at the next contact by the user the “home” devicecan provide those transcriptions in order to upgrade existing modelsusing supervised adaptation or build new models.

Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure may also includetangible computer-readable storage media for carrying or havingcomputer-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Suchcomputer-readable storage media can be any available media that can beaccessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer, including thefunctional design of any special purpose processor as discussed above.By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media caninclude RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magneticdisk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other mediumwhich can be used to carry or store desired program code means in theform of computer-executable instructions, data structures, or processorchip design. When information is transferred or provided over a networkor another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, orcombination thereof) to a computer, the computer properly views theconnection as a computer-readable medium. Thus, any such connection isproperly termed a computer-readable medium. Combinations of the aboveshould also be included within the scope of the computer-readable media.

Computer-executable instructions include, for example, instructions anddata which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer,or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function orgroup of functions. Computer-executable instructions also includeprogram modules that are executed by computers in stand-alone or networkenvironments. Generally, program modules include routines, programs,components, data structures, objects, and the functions inherent in thedesign of special-purpose processors, etc. that perform particular tasksor implement particular abstract data types. Computer-executableinstructions, associated data structures, and program modules representexamples of the program code means for executing steps of the methodsdisclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executableinstructions or associated data structures represents examples ofcorresponding acts for implementing the functions described in suchsteps.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that other embodiments of thedisclosure may be practiced in network computing environments with manytypes of computer system configurations, including personal computers,hand-held devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframecomputers, and the like. Embodiments may also be practiced indistributed computing environments where tasks are performed by localand remote processing devices that are linked (either by hardwiredlinks, wireless links, or by a combination thereof) through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

The various embodiments described above are provided by way ofillustration only and should not be construed to limit the scope of thedisclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize variousmodifications and changes that may be made to the principles describedherein without following the example embodiments and applicationsillustrated and described herein, and without departing from the spiritand scope of the disclosure.

We claim:
 1. A method comprising: receiving speech from a user on adevice; and communicating the speech to a separate device and away fromthe device, wherein the separate device: determines to apply one ofsupervised training and unsupervised training; and when supervisedtraining is selected: determines whether available data are sufficientto build a new speech recognition model; when the available data issufficient to build the new speech recognition model, builds the newspeech recognition model using the available data; when the availabledata is not sufficient to build the new speech recognition model:selects an existing speech recognition model; and generates an adaptedspeech recognition model based on transformations generated from theexisting speech recognition model based on the speech and associatedtranscriptions.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the new speechrecognition model, the existing speech recognition model, and theadapted speech recognition model are standardized speech models.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein one of the new speech recognition model, theexisting speech recognition model and the adapted speech recognitionmodel is publicly available.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein theexisting speech recognition model is a general model and wherein theadapted speech recognition model is a result of applying transformationsto the existing speech recognition model.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the separate device recognizes additional speech using one ofthe adapted speech recognition model and the new speech recognitionmodel.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein recognizing the additionalspeech is performed off-line at a later time.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the separate device reuses speech models for additional receivedspeech.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the separate device further:recognizes voice commands in the speech; and controls elements of a gamebased on the voice commands.
 9. A system comprising: a processor; and acomputer-readable storage medium having instructions stored which, whenexecuted by the processor, cause the processor to perform operationscomprising: receiving speech from a user on a device; and communicatingthe speech to a separate device and away from the device, wherein theseparate device: determines to apply one of supervised training andunsupervised training; and when supervised training is selected:determines whether available data are sufficient to build a new speechrecognition model; when the available data is sufficient to build thenew speech recognition model, builds the new speech recognition modelusing the available data; when the available data is not sufficient tobuild the new speech recognition model: selects an existing speechrecognition model; and generates an adapted speech recognition modelbased on transformations generated from the existing speech recognitionmodel based on the speech and associated transcriptions.
 10. The systemof claim 9, wherein the new speech recognition model, the existingspeech recognition model, and the adapted speech recognition model arestandardized speech models.
 11. The system of claim 9, wherein one ofthe new speech recognition model, the existing speech recognition modeland the adapted speech recognition model is publicly available.
 12. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the existing speech recognition model is ageneral model and wherein the adapted speech recognition model is aresult of applying transformations to the existing speech recognitionmodel.
 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the separate device recognizesadditional speech using one of the adapted speech recognition model andthe new speech recognition model.
 14. The system of claim 13, whereinrecognizing the additional speech is performed off-line at a later time.15. The system of claim 9, wherein the separate device reuses speechmodels for additional received speech.
 16. The system of claim 9,wherein the separate device further: recognizes voice commands in thespeech; and controls elements of a game based on the voice commands. 17.A computer-readable storage device having instructions stored which,when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device toperform operations comprising: receiving speech from a user on a device;and communicating the speech to a separate device and away from thedevice, wherein the separate device: determines to apply one ofsupervised training and unsupervised training; and when supervisedtraining is selected: determines whether available data are sufficientto build a new speech recognition model; when the available data issufficient to build the new speech recognition model, builds the newspeech recognition model using the available data; when the availabledata is not sufficient to build the new speech recognition model:selects an existing speech recognition model; and generates an adaptedspeech recognition model based on transformations generated from theexisting speech recognition model based on the speech and associatedtranscriptions.
 18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 17,wherein the new speech recognition model, the existing speechrecognition model, and the adapted speech recognition model arestandardized speech models.
 19. The computer-readable storage device ofclaim 17, wherein one of the new speech recognition model, the existingspeech recognition model and the adapted speech recognition model ispublicly available.
 20. The computer-readable storage device of claim17, wherein the existing speech recognition model is a general model andwherein the adapted speech recognition model is a result of applyingtransformations to the existing speech recognition model.